According to the Glaucoma Research Foundation, glaucoma remains a leading cause of blindness worldwide, responsible for 9% to 12% of cases. Despite advancements in treatment, many still lose their sight because the disease progresses silently until significant damage occurs.
Alarmingly, among the most affected groups are African Americans, who develop glaucoma three to four times more frequently than those of European descent. The condition also strikes a decade earlier and is often diagnosed at a more advanced stage. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type and the leading cause of irreversible blindness among African Americans.
In this article, we’ll explore why glaucoma is more prevalent in this community and discuss steps to help prevent vision loss.
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Why are African Americans More Susceptible to Glaucoma?
The African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study Group (ADAGES) conducted one of the first major investigations into why African Americans are disproportionately affected by this disease. Their research compared the eye structure and disease progression in Americans of African ancestry versus those of European descent. They found that African Americans tend to have thinner corneas, which is a known risk factor for glaucoma because it can lead to inaccurate intraocular pressure readings, making early detection more challenging.
Another key finding was that African Americans have larger optic nerves, which can sometimes result in misdiagnosis. Larger nerves sometimes mask the onset of glaucoma, delaying treatment. Additionally, studies showed that among patients with elevated eye pressure, African Americans were more likely to develop visual field loss and experience faster disease progression than their Caucasian counterparts.
How to Prevent Vision Loss from Glaucoma
There is no cure for glaucoma, but early intervention can slow its progression and help preserve vision. African Americans at risk should take proactive steps to protect their eyesight. Here are some tips:
Protect the Sight You Have Left
According to the Glaucoma Research Foundation, glaucoma can make the eyes sensitive to light and glare, leading to discomfort and strain. Sunglasses provide a simple yet effective solution by reducing glare and blocking harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, which can also contribute to glaucoma’s development.
Experts recommend wearing UV-protective sunglasses whenever spending time outdoors. Prescription sunglasses, such as the Oakley Holbrook XL or Ray-Ban New Wayfarer Classic, offer full UV protection while accommodating vision needs. These models can be customized with prescriptions, eliminating the need to switch between regular glasses and sunglasses.
Explore Various Treatment Options
Although glaucoma-related damage cannot be reversed, treatments can help lower eye pressure and prevent further vision loss. Common treatment methods include prescription eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy, and surgery. Depending on the severity of their condition, many patients benefit from a combination of these approaches.
Notably, an African American scientist played a crucial role in glaucoma treatment. Dr. Percy Lavon Julian helped develop physostigmine, a drug that lowers intraocular pressure by improving fluid drainage. Now available under brand names like Eserine and Isopto Eserine, this medication remains essential to glaucoma management today. Those diagnosed with glaucoma should follow their doctor’s recommendations and never skip medications.
Maintain a Healthy and Active Lifestyle
A healthy lifestyle can positively impact glaucoma outcomes. A 2018 study found that engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity reduced the rate of visual field loss by 10%. Patients can consider participating in yoga retreats such as Go Natural Jamaica. This wellness program promotes relaxation and a balanced diet, which support overall eye health.
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Go Natural Jamaica’s programs include meditation, massage therapy, and nutritious plant-based meals, which can benefit those with glaucoma. Keep in mind, however, that some inverted yoga poses may increase eye pressure, so it’s important to consult a doctor before starting a new routine.
With early detection and proper care, African Americans can take charge of their eye health and reduce the risk of blindness. If you haven’t had an eye exam recently, now is the time to prioritize your vision.
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